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Part 6 (Santa Fean-Y)
History of Art at the Pass of the North©
By Nicholas P. Houser, Project Historian, XII Travelers Memorial of the Southwest
Santa Fean (Newspaper)
1940 "Urbici Soler," The Santa Fean, September 1940.
Santiago, Guadalupe and Miguel Angel Berumen
2004 La Misíon de Guadalupe, Berumen y Muñoz Editores (Guadalupe Mission religious art and cover with painting of Mission by Leon Trousset). Cuadro Cuadro, Imagen y palabra, 2004, 129 pages.
Sarber, Mary A. and Charles H. Binon
1977 Photographs from the Border, (from Otis A. Aultman Collection) El Paso Public Library Association.
Schaer, Bertha Archer
1950 "The Monument of Christ the King", Paper for Seminar #390, UTEP Library, Special Collections, Texas Western Press, 48 pages (Research note: photocopy in Research File).
Schreck, D. Horst (See: Dent 2006; Price 1983:26)
Schwartz, Irving (See: El Paso Library, Special Collections 1935, 1936; El Paso Herald Post, 1935; El Paso Times, 1936, 1939; Popular Dry Good Department Store; Price 1983:6, 30; US Library of Congress 1936).
Scott, Cyril Kay (See: Price 1983:21)
Scott, Nell (See Price 1983:24)
Scutt, Winifred (See: Price 1983:26)
Seaman, T.J., and B. Mills
1988 El Paso Brownware Rim Analysis. In Border Star 85 Survey: Towards an Archaeology of Landscapes, 1988, edited by T.J. Seaman, W.H,. Doleman, and R. Chapman, Pp. 169-185. Office of Contract Archaeology, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Senn, Edmund (Price 1983)
Shelton, G. Harris (See: Price 1983:15)
Sharp, Joseph Henry (See: Price 1983:17)
Shipman Papers
1938 Papers regarding commemorative plaque to be placed at the site of the Paso Viejo Battle on Holland’s Ranch (Research note: later called the Espy Miller and later the Clay Miller Ranch) near Valentine, Texas. Letter of Feb. 15, 1938, from E.T. Conley, Major General, The Adjutant General, War Department, Washington addressed to Mr. S.M. Swearingen, pres., Marfa Chamber of Commerce, Marfa, Texas. “The record shows that on June 11, 1880, Lieut. Mills, 24th Infantry, with a detachment of Pueblo Scouts, en route to join Col. Grierson’s command, was attacked by Indians in Canyon Viejo, southwest of Fort Davis, Texas, when his principal guide was killed and several horses wounded.” (Houser research note: 4 or five Buffalo soldiers were also killed). Statement by Mills: “Shortly after daylight, on the morning of the eleventh (June, 1880), while saddling to pursue the trail, my detachment was attacked by about 20 Indians, Apaches. I ordered my detachment into the rocks and there made a stand, fighting about four hours. During the fight I sent a detachment to occupy a height commanding the position of the attacking Indians, and when these men opened fire the hostiles hastily retreated. – I then came down the mountain to the camp, took up the dead body of Sergeant Simon Olguin, who had been killed early in the fight, and proceeded to El Muerto, killing 2 horses that had been wounded and were unable to travel. I also lost one other horse, killed; and abandoned one mule, wounded. – I did not proceed further at Viejo, as my detachment was not armed sufficiently and my ammunition was running low3.”
The above papers include a two page typed report by Jack Shipman which is entitled “Viejo Pass or Holland’s Ranch, Presidio County.
The above papers include the text for the plaque that commemorates the Paso Viejo Battle: “In this Vicinity [space] June 12, 1880 [space below] The Apaches made their last stand in Presidio County [space below] When four Pueblo Indian Scouts of [space below] General Benj. H. Grierson, U.S.A. [space below] fought and defeated 20 Apache Warriors [space below] Erected by the State of Texas [space below] 1936 [Research note: the typed remark at the bottom of the page is dated 11-1-36 and states “Mr. Jack Shipman, Marfa will show the contractor where to erect the monument when requested to do so.” The second page is entitled “Unveiling Ceremony, Pueblo Scout Monument, Viejo Pass, Epsy Miller Ranch”. The ceremony was to be held on Sunday, March 6, 1938, at 3 PM. [Research note: apparently no Tigua or Apache Indians were invited].
The above papers include: “The Bold Brave Baylors”, by Lee and Jack Shipman, no date, 3 typed pages.
April 26, 1938: Letter from Harold Schoen, Commission of Control for Texas Centennial Celebrations, Austin (Wallace Perry of El Paso is listed as member from El Paso) to Mrs. Shipman, Dated April 26, 1938. A portion of that letter is transcribed as follows: "Your cooperation with this Commission in the erection of its markers in Presidio County introduces me to ask for one additional favor. -- "This Commission is preparing for publication a volume which will include all the markers and memorials erected by it. We are anxious whenever possible to include a picture of extant buildings when markers have been erected to them, and would like to have a photograph, suitable for publication, on the home of Ben Leaton" (Shipman Papers, #84, El Paso Public Library).
Shores, J.J.
n.d. "The Christ of the Rockies - Cristo Rey", El Paso Chamber of Commerce, El Paso Public Library, Special Collections.
Sipiora, Leonard P. (see El Paso Museum of Art).
Smith, A.Y. Mrs. (See: Price 1983:17)
Smithers, W.D.
v.d. Index of Photo collection (many early aerial photos of the Southwest & even Mt. Rushmore), El Paso Public Library (Smithers Collection of photographs located at University of Texas, Austin, Harry Ransom Humanities Library). Photos of Liebhauser and Gaffney: While conducting research in Austin, N.P. Houser found photographs of Liebhauser and Gaffney (alone and together) in the W.D. Smithers Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Library. They include the following five images: (1) #116 – pilots of the El Paso-based Border Air Patrol in 1919.” Note: Liebhauser and Gaffney are included; (2) #123 – “Pilots of the 11th and 12th Aero Squadrons in 1919-20.” Note: Liebhauser, Gaffney and others included; (3) #124 – “Five of the El Paso, Texas, Ft. Bliss Army’s air based officers of the Border Air Patrol at their field in Sept. 1919.” Note: photo includes Liebhauser with four airmen; (4) #361 – “Oct. 1919, ceremony was to award the R.M.A. rating to and decorate it.” Note: photo includes Liebhauser and others; and (5) #362 – Box 4, “High Mexican army officers visit Ft. Bliss, Texas in late 1920 or early 1921 and were taken-up for an airplane ride in De Havilands.” Note: Group photo includes Gaffney and others.
Soler, Urbici (See: Danigegelis D.; Newman B.; Santa Fean; Price 1983; Schaer, B.A.; Shores, J.J.)
Sonnichsen, C.L.
n.d Acc. No. 746, Box 4, 25, #680, Brown Binder, C.L. Sonnichsen Collection, "El Paso Salt War", also file folder:"Salt War"; contents of collection include notes and manuscript drafts Salt War publication, Special Collections, University of Texas at El Paso.
1961 The El Paso Salt War 1877, illustration by José Cisneros, El Paso, Carl Hertzog and the Texas Western Press at the Pass of the North.
1956 Pass of the North, Four Centuries on the Rio Grande, Texas Western Press, University of Texas at El Paso. [Reference to Salt War: pages 154, 181, 183, 186-188, 199-210].
Stallings, W.S. Jr.
1931 El Paso Polychrome. Laboratory of Anthropology Technical Series, 1931, Bulletin 3, Santa Fe.
Storms, D. (See: Price 1983:33)
Strickland, Rex W.
1960 P.T. Herbert: Ante-Bellum Resident of El Paso, Password, April 1960, Vol. V, No. 2, El Paso County Historical Society, pages 45-53.
1957 W.W. Mills – El Paso Politician, Password, summer 1962, Vol. VII, No. 3, El Paso County Historical Society, pages 82-94.
1958 Six Who Came to El Paso, Pioneers of the 1840’s, Southwestern Studies, Vol. 1, Monograph No. 3, Texas Western Press, University of Texas at El Paso.
1969 El Sabio Sembrador, El Paso, Texas Western Press.
Strong, Grace (See: Price 1983:26)
Sullivan, Mary Ann
2004 Internet site of photographer (Texas State Fair Grounds). Re: identification of bronze lamps from the 1935 Texas Centennial.
Sutherland, Kay
1995 Rock Paintings at Hueco Tanks State Historical Park, Austin, Texas, Texas Parks and Wildlife Press, watercolors by Forrest Kirkland, 1995 (UTEP Library, reference Docs desk P500 H85r 1995).
Swarthmore College
2003 (communication, Dec. 17, 2003, from Dr. Constance Hungerford to N.P. Houser, concerning Keith Martin Collection).
Teel, Louis (See Price 1983:6)
Ten Kate, H.F.C., Jr.
1882 Reizen En Onderzoekingen In Noord Amerika (Travels and Researches in North America), Leiden, Netherlands (Translated portion in research files of N.P.Houser, translation by Ted. J. Brasser, Rijks Museum Voor Volkenkunde, Aug. 23, 1967, from letter to Dr. Edward P. Dozier).
Texas Centennial Review
1936 Note: research file contains on photo page collage. (Indians in the photos appear to be Alabama-Coushatta and not Tigua). Texas Centennial Review, Jan. 15, 1936.
Texas Historical Commission
1978 Missions Seminar, A Regional Conference on the Preservation and Restoration of Indigenous Mission Colonial Architecture in the El Paso Area and Rio Grande Valley. Cosponsored by The Texas Historical Commission, The Texas Historical Foundation, The El Paso Historical Society, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Transcripts of the "Mission Seminar" sessions held at the Council House, Tigua Indian Reservation, Ysleta Mission Plaza, Texas, on March 1, 1975. Published by the Texas Historical Commission, September 1978, Austin, Texas. Contents: Preface. Historical Background of the El Paso Area and Rio Grande Valley. Indigenous Domestics Architecture of the El Paso Area and Rio Grande Valley. Preservation of the Architectural Heritage of the El Paso Area and Rio Grande by Miguel Celorio. The Mission Heritage: An Analysis of Missions Ysleta and Socorro. Summary. Appendix. 26 pages.
Texas, State of (Texas Humanities Commission)
n.d. Texas Hum. Com. has photos of old San Elizario chapel and other image of the community.
Texas State Library and Archives (Austin)
1988 October 11, 1988: One page typed letter to Nicholas P. Houser (El Paso, Texas) from Michael R. Green, Reference Archivist, Texas State Archives. Portion of letter transcribed as follows: "Jesse Holman Jones was direct-general of the old Governing Board of One Hundred, which predated the Texas Centennial Commission, until 1932. Thereafter, he continued to direct Centennial activities on the local level in Houston, and Jones was instrumental in the construction of the San Jacinto monument." -- "I failed to locate any information on the participation of the Tigua Indians in the 1936 Dallas Centennial celebration. This tribe was so few in number, and they were unrecognized as a tribe until May, 1967, when Texas placed them under the trusteeship of the Commission for Indian Affairs. In 1968, the federal government recognized the Tigua and transferred all responsibility for the tribe to the State of Texas." [Research note: at the time this was written Ysleta del Sur Pueblo had been recognized by the Federal Government].
October 14, 1988: One page typed letter to Nicholas P. Houser (El Paso, Texas) from Michael R. Green, Reference Archivist, Texas State Archives. Portion of letter transcribed: "Following up on your request for information concerning the participation on the Tigua Indians at the Centennial celebration in Dallas, I discovered a photograph in January 5, 1936, issue of the Texas Centennial Review, which suggests that the tribe participated in the Sun Carnival at El Paso that year" (Green suggests to examine in El Paso the commissioners court minutes and any Sun Carnival records).
Thurston, Eugene (See: Price 1983:6)
Thurston, Fern (See: Price 1983:6).
Times Publishing Company
1886 The City and County of El Paso, Its Resources and Advantages.
Thirty-Four (Newspaper, Las Cruces, New Mexico)
1879 L.O. Ives, Artist Will Visit Town About April 1st. Thirty-Four, March 12, 1879:3:2.
Henry J. Cuniffe has had struck off in St. Louis a fine lithograph trade-mark for the heads of his wine barrels and goes extensively into the business of wine growing. His vineyard is one of the finest and largest in the valley and will next season probably produce 4000 gallons of wine. Thirty-Four, Nov. 12, 1879:3:3.
Thompson, Howard Dr.
1930 “Makers of El Paso,” See: “The Episode of the ‘Cardiff Giant’ (ca. 1930, manuscript in Special Collections, University of Texas at El Paso, with introduction by C.L. Sonnichsen, April 24, 1945, El Paso, Texas. 114 pages typed unpublished manuscript. Photocopy of pages 77-79 in research file).
Timmons, W.H.
1983a The Church of Ysleta - Recent Documentary Discoveries, Password, Vol. XXVIII, No. 3, fall 1983, pages 113-116), The El Paso County Historical Society.
1983b American El Paso: The Formative Years, 1848-1854, Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. LXXXVII, No. 1, July 1983, University of Texas at Austin, pages 1-36).
1990 El Paso A Borderlands History, Texas Western Press, University of Texas at El Paso.
1980 Historic Markers, Memorials, Plaques In El Paso, unpublished 11 page descriptive inventory.
1983 American El Paso: The Formative Years, 1848-1854, Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LXXXVII, No. 1, pp. 1-36 (Research note: I was reported that the Guadalupe Mission at El Paso del Norte had paintings by the Spanish renaissance master, Barlolmé Esban Murillo, which were stolen by American Troops who invaded that city in 1847 during the war with Mexico. See page 29. It is highly unlikely that the remote frontier outpost would have ever possessed such paintings. However, it is likely that copies of these works were reproduced for churches throughout Spain and the New World.
Toness, Kay and Mack Hill
1959 An Unrecorded Rock Art Cave at Hueco Tanks State Park. The Artifact, 10(4), El Paso Archaeological Society.
Trousset, Leon (Research File; see Houser correspondence with Ben Brown an Sam J. Moore, Jr.; Guadalupe Santiago and Miguel Angel Berumen; also website:)
v.d. See Trousset file in N. Houser research filing cabinet. Also see newspaper articles cited in this bibliography.
Turczynowics, Wanda de (Dugan, Richard A.)
Ufer, Walter (See: Price 1983:18)
United Daughters of the Confederacy
1914 Seeing El Paso and the Valley, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Wharton, Texas (Notes: in research file: references to mound of ground of the Ysleta Mission upon which the Ysleta Mission was built for protection, mention of silver sacristy lamp with ancient date that was excavated in Ysleta and set to Georgetown University, see page 17, p. 18; Mariano Colmenero, page 19; Senecú Mission with rich collection but overflow of 1907 destroyed the treasures, p. 31).
United States Archives and Records Service
1880 Register of Enlistments of Soldier Belonging to the First Regiment of United States Infantry [Indian scouts: #197 Francisco Olguín, #198 Bernardo Olguín, #99 Simon Olguín, #200 Ponciano Olguín and #201 Domingo Olguín], Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C.
United States Congress, House of Representatives
1857 United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Report of William H. Emory, Major First Cavalry and U.S. Commissioner, Vol. 1, House of Representatives, 34th Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Do. No. 135 (US Dept of the Interior), Washington, Cornelius Wendell, Printers, 1857 (contains illustrations such as “View of Gomes Peak, from near Fort Davis” page 87; “Site of Fort Davis – Limpia Mountains” page 88; “Socorro, Texas” page 90; “The Plaza and Church of El Paso”, page 93; the aforementioned images from John R. Bartlett’s previous survey).
United States Department of the Interior
1980 South El Paso Street. Historic Buildings Survey. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Services (UTEP Library).
United States Library of Congress
Various dates: John Gutzon Borglum Papers, National Archives, U.S. Library of Congress (approx. 71,000 of the John Gutzon Borglum Papers arranged in 191 containers, of which there are 125 pages of material pertaining to Hueco Tanks and El Paso (Contents from Box #89) which is primarily correspondence exchanged between Borglum and Dr. Lucinda Templin of the Radford School for Girls. Mr. E.H. Simons of the El Paso Chamber of Commerce, and Mr. L.P. Bloodworth, also of the Chamber of Commerce (Photocopy sketch of Proposed Hueco Tanks Monument and related letters in N. Houser Research File). This information from Research File: One page typed letter from David Wigdor, Assistant Chief, The Library of Congress to Nicholas P. Houser, dated October 18, 1988. The following number items are listed below (Photocopies in Research File):
(1) No date. Undated typed letter was probably prepared in 1935. It reads as follows: "Mr. Borglum. Attached is the picture taken at Hueco Tanks. I mentioned the photo to you by telephone yesterday. I am leaving it for you to look over. If you have any ideas that you think would be suitable for this particular formation, mark the picture in any way you like. Will you please return it to the hotel desk where I will pick it up. Respectfully, (signature) Jack Knight, Herald Post" (Research note: The letter has no date and is not on stationery. It is difficult from the photocopy of the letter and the photo to determine if Borglum penned an outline but this was done according to his granddaughter and biographer, Robin Carter).
(2) No date: c. 1936 or 1937.Two page handwritten letter on stationery from Hotel Adolphus, Dallas, Texas from Gutzon Borglum [no date but could be 1936 or 1937] to Mr. E.H. Simmons, Exec. Vice-Pres. & Gen. Manager, El Paso Chamber of Commerce. It states that the information in the letter should be of interest to Mr. Simons and Mr. Bloodworth [also with Chamber of Commerce]. The letter is an inquiry wanting to know what El Paso plans to do with the centennial celebration: I'm constantly [asked] by the press: 'what about El Paso?' 'We see you've been out there, etc. Is there anything in that plan?' And it has occurred to me I can give you a good deal of free publicity - that will not hurt you. Some of the reaction is: 'So - Texas will have a carved mountain, etc.' -- I think that the interest is so general that I will make in San Antonio a design and model of what might be done at the Tanks and in January I have appointments to visit some friends out your way (about the 10th) and will bring them. [Research note: Borlgum had a studio in Breckenridge Park, the old mill, that he used during the winter months when the carving of Mt. Rushmore was suspended during the cold weather months] -- "If the public interest is finally sufficiently awakened all well and good - then definite plans can be
made".
(3) Feb. 11, 1935: One page typed letter from James A. Stader (Silver Springs, Md.) to "Prof. Gutzon Borglum" (Rapid City, S. Dak.), dated Feb. 11, 1935. The text the letter is transcribed as follows: "I had hoped that your business would bring you back to Washington, however, I inquired at the Club on several occasions and they said that you had not been around and that you were still in Rapid City. Not having heard from you all summer, I was beginning to think you had gone up to the stratosphere and had not come down. -- "I am afraid that I am a pretty poor promoter. So far, I have had little success in getting any one interested in carving the Franklin Mountains of El Paso. However, I am not giving up, nor do I intend to, until I am satisfied there is no possible chance of getting something done to place upon the granite cliffs an everlasting record of what those brown, jagged peaks have look down upon. -- Should you be coming to Washington in the near future, I would be glad to see you. I am now with the Commodity Purchase Section of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration as Executive Officer under Colonel Philip G. Murphy, and as this section handles a great deal of the drought activities, we have been very busy."
(4) Feb. 19, 1935: One page typed letter from Gutzon Borglum to Captain James A. Stader (Silver Springs, Md.), dated Feb. 19, 1935 (St. Anthony Hotel, San Antonio, Texas). A text of the letter is transcribed as follows: "Thank you for your letter. The inertia that you speak of in El Paso is more or less common to Texas. The soul of Texas is dead, whether you want to admit it or not, and I am not going to try more than I have to bring life back into it. I think she will only be revived under new conditions and the influx of new people, just as California was and just as Florida was."
(5) May 6, 1935. Two page typed letter to Mr. Arthur M. Huntington (Hispanic Society of America, New York City) from Earnest O. Bendix dated May 6, 1936 (Research note: the photocopy is of poor quality probably because it was taken from a carbon copy, but it concerns the Cabeza de Vaca monument for Hueco Tanks and seeks support from the Hispanic Society of America. It also mentions the International Bridge sculpture project in El Paso). A portion of that letter is transcribed, page 2 of the letter: "Mr. Borglum has been consulted, has visited and proposed plans which will be followed - but in discussing ways and means, your name was suggested and he immediately reminded us of your deep interest in all Spanish American Record [sic, records], which includes this northern edge where Catholic and Protestants rubbed shoulders for four centuries - now happily friends - and thought you might be interested in helping to determine the character of such a memorial. -- He further suggested that Mrs. Huntington was a sculptor and that phase of the undertaking might be of great interest to her- that he would be glad to have her associated with him on that work" (Research Mrs. Huntington was a well know sculptor].
(6) May 8, 1935: Research note: the first portion is transcribed but the entire photocopy is in the Research File. Borglum offers the Hueco Tanks carving as well as carved stone bridge spanning the international border on the Rio Grande between El Paso and Cd. Juárez. The bridge carving would depict the entry of Spanish explorers into the Southwest. It is a two page typed letter from G. Borglum on stationery of the Metropolitan Club, Dated May 8, 1935, Washington D.C. It is addressed to Honorable R. Ewing Thomason, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. -- "Dear Mr. Thomason: -- If the people of El Paso will take under serious consideration the commemoration of their unique position, historically, of being the gateway of the early explorers, the Conquistadors of Cortez and Cabeza de Vaca of 1535 - they can tie into the centennial of the freedom of Texas, 1836, the one date of 400 years ago and the second 100 years - and occupy a position no part of Texas can rival."
(7) May 31, 1935. One typed page letter from A.M. Huntington (1 East 89th Street, New York City) to Earnest O. Bendix (The Mayflower, Conn. Ave., & de Sales St. Washington D.C.). Research note: This is probably from Huntington, wealthy industrialist, and is to Bendix, who must have been Borglum's colleague and promoter. Huntington regrets he cannot help and that his wife is in poor health. This may be a reference to the Hueco Tanks project.
(8) July 24, 1935: Typed letter on stationery of the El Paso Chamber of Commerce, dated July 24, 1935, which reads as follows: "Honorable Gutzon Borglum, Rapid City, South Dakota. -- Dear Mr. Borglum: --- Your wire received and I discussed the situation with Judge McGill this morning. -- He expects some opposition to his program on August 24th, and believes that you could be of real assistance if you could come in a week before the election and perhaps give some interviews and talks on your plans and program. -- They have gotten the price reduced on that Hueco Tanks property from $85,000 to $42,00, and I believe the Commissioner's Court are taking a definite stand at a figure below that amount and will under no circumstances pay an exorbitant price for the property. -- If you could arrange an itinerary and come in about a week before the election I am quite sure you would be of inestimable value to the Judge on this program. --- Sincerely yours. (E.H. Simmons) Exec. V. Pres. & Gen. Mgr."
(9) August 7, 1935: Two page handwritten note from Joseph McGill, El Paso County Judge to Gutzon Borglum dated Aug. 7, 1935. Written from Redondo Beach, California. Acknowledges receiving letter from Borglum about the Hueco Tanks monument proposal. He mentions the commissioners court and the tax of three cents for park development. "Unfortunately the owners of Hueco Tanks have submitted an offer of $42,000.00 for the four sections including Hueco Tanks and the public thinks that if the proposition carries the court will pay this sum for this land. I regard the price excessive and from the protests which came to me before I left El Paso, I feel sure the proposition to permit the court to levy the tax will not carry unless the court definitely takes the position it will not pay this much..." Judge McGill suggests that $25,000 would be the maximum.
(10) Sept. 16, 1935: Letter from Gutzon Borlgum to Ms. Templin, Principal of Radford School for Girls in El Paso, dated Sept. 16, 1935. "El Paso is not different from a thousand other towns in America, except for her proximity to Mexico and the Rio Grande and her location historically. Your business interests can make capital out of that, that would prove probably her most lucrative investment."
(11) Sept. 27, 1935: Letter dated Sept. 27, 1935, from E.H. Simmons, El Paso Chamber of Commerce, to Mrs. E.O. Bendix, Chicago Illinois [apparent close confidant of Borglum]. Simmons regrets that was not in El Paso when Mr. and Mrs. Borlgum made their visit in the latter part of August. He recalls being in Congressman Thomason's office in Washington D.C. and thinks that the Hueco Tanks memorial is a sound idea. "The acquisition of the site by the Commissioner's Court is of paramount importance, and I regret to state the at the bond election that was held for the acquiring of such sites the latter part of August, this was overwhelmingly defeated." Simmons suggests that this was a set back and a new educational campaign can be launched to secure the Hueco Tanks Park.
(12) Oct. 30, 1935: One page typed letter from E.H. Simmons, General Manager, El Paso Chamber of Commerce from Gutzon Borlgum, Rushmore Memorial, Oct. 30, 1935. Borglum remarked that he had just received a letter from Bendix, which he encloses to Simmons. "I am wholly out of sympathy with any plan that Bendix has hinted at". Borglum states that he has spent money on the El Paso trips and had expected Bendix to produce "outside support". Borglum disavows his association with Bendix.
(13) July 23, 1936: Western Union one page typed Telegram from Gutzon Borglum to E.H. Simmons [El Paso Chamber of Commerce] dated July 23, 1936. "Letter received forwarded Washington requested Thomason write you will be in Rapid City South Dakota Thursday. [will] rite [sic] you fully. Advise you go forward as you planned giving me full details by letter before election for several days and assist you with public."
(14) March 26, 1937: One page typed Letter from Gutzon Borglum to Capt. Simons of the El Paso Chamber of Commerce, dated March 26, 1937 from the Bushnell Apartments, San Antonio, Texas. Borglum included an interview that he recently had made in Douglas [apparently newspaper interview], which emphasizes the Southwest and El Paso and tourism. Borglum is aware that Coronado crossed from Mexico into Arizona and not Texas. Borglum, although not clearly stated, was now interested in the upcoming Coronado celebration in Arizona and developed a plan around this time for a Coronado monument on the Superstition Mts. of Arizona [Research note: many letters concerning the Arizona proposal are not included in this bibliography but photocopies are in the Research File].
(15) May 12, 1937: One page typed letter on stationery of the Radford School for Girls, date May 12, 1937 to G. Borglum in Rapid City, South Dakota, from Lucinda De Leftwich Templin, Principal. It advises Borglum to contact Irving Schwartz as soon as he arrives in El Paso because Mr. Schwartz who was chairman "of a number of artists' committees here in El Paso". The letter concerns the proposed cavalryman sculpture commission. "A commission is to let for an $8,000.00 monument and Mr. Schwartz and I thought that you would want to talk with the committee. He tells me that if you are interested in the commission, he thinks you can secure it. --- I wrote Mrs. Borglum that we had made a reservation for you at the Del Norte Hotel."
(16) May 26, 1937: One page typed letter from Gutzon Borlgum, Rapid City, South Dakota on Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission stationery, dated May 26, 1937. It is addressed to Mr. Irving Schwartz of El Paso Texas. Borglum identified the triangular plot or location for the statue, which is an $8,000 commission. He suggests a 12-foot high pilon [pylon] with bas-relief with a plainsman or a pioneer and a cowboy or a cattleman and a ranger with horse and wagon suggested behind them. Borglum states that $12,000 is a realistic price.
United States Government Printing Office
1881 Headquarters District of the Pecos, Fort Concho, Tex., September 20, 1880, Document G, Report of B.H. Grierson, Colonel Tenth Cavalry, Commanding, pp. 158-163 (very good report identifying Tigua Indians, the killing of a Pueblo Indian scout, Simon Olguín, etc). Report of the Secretary of War, The Message and Documents of the War Department, 3rd Session of the 46th Congress. Vol. I, Washington, D.C. (also in same volume see page 137, first column, Col. B.H. Grierson Tenth Cavalry, A, B, C, E.F, G, H, I, K, 24th Infantry; K, 8th Cavalry, and Pueblo Indian Scouts, April 7, 1879 to Aug. 2, 1879).
United States Military Academy (West Point, NY)
1881 Capt. John Bourke watercolor of “Church at Isleta, Texas, Nov. 11th, 1881” from 50th volume of his diary (Houser Research file).
United States National Archives (see William Pierson)
United States, National Park Service
1997 US National Park Service. (No author) National Historic Trail Feasibility Study Environmental Assessment. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. Texas-New Mexico. US Dept. of the Interior. National Park Service, 1997.
University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)
n.d. Special Collections, UTEP, File #607, Missions of the Southwest.
The Mission Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Paso, The Document. A facsimile of the Auto de Fundación, A statement of faith concerning the missions and its need. A commentary on the 1659 original and the 1888 handwritten transcript by Adolph F. Bandelier. The Picture. Color reproduction of the original by Augustus de Vaudricourt, artist for the International Boundary Commission, published in Emory’s Report, 1857. From the Library, The University of Texas at El Paso. Designed and Supervised by Carl Hertzog. Translation and Comments by Bud Newman. Reproduction of the document through courtesy of the Tozzer Library, Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
1878 El Paso, Texas; (Fort Bliss): Sketch of El Paso, Texas and Vicinity; Showing Position of Astronomical (Monument of 1878, near Ft. Bliss, Inset: Ft Bliss, single, monochrome). [UTEP Map Room, Old Card File, Location: 4033 .E4 26.5 7 HMF, Date: 1878].
1921 Old "Fort Bliss" Military Reservation (Research note: a portion of the Hart Homestead is shown, single, monochrome). [UTEP Map Room, Old Card File, Location: 4034 .E4 26 3 HMF, Date: 1921].
Urrutia, Joseph de
n.d. Plano del presidio de Nuestra Senora del Pilar del paso el rio del Norte, depediente de la governacion del nuebo mexico. Original in the British Museum; Additional Manuscript 17,662n.
Vaughan, Brenda Sisco
1996 National Historic Landmark Criteria, Exemplified in Corpus Christi de la Ysleta de los Tigua at El Paso, Texas. Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin. Master of Science in Architectural Studies. December 1996. 226 pages (N.P. Research Files).
Wagoner, Harry (See Price 1983:7)
Waterhouse, C. Ewing (See: Price 1983:6)
West, John O.
1984 Riders across the Centuries, Horseman of the Spanish Borderlands, Drawings and Text by José Cisneros, Western Heritage Award Winner, Cowboy Hall of Fame, Texas Western Press, 199 pages.
Wise, Vera (See: Price 1983:24)
Wood, Forrest (See: Price 1983:27)
Woldert, Albert
1940 Notes: Adams 1954:35-40, Bishop Tamaron’s visit to El Paso on April 23, 1760. Ysleta church is located two leagues east of Senecu, and five leagues from El Paso downstream. “Church is thirty-six varas long by five and one-half wide, and the priest’s house measures nine varas (Adams 1954:38). Tiburcios Hacienda has 82 families.
White, Owen
1922 Southwestern Milestones, as represented in the mural paintings on the walls of banking room of the First National Bank, El Paso, Texas. Poems by Owen P. White. Paintings by Edward Holslag (Note: White probably misspells first name, which apparently was Eduard Joseph Holslag. Images reproduced in this 24-page booklet). Foreword by John S. Raynolds (Note: page-12 is the image of “The Ysleta Mission”, now owned by the Ysleta del Sur Tribe and on display in the main courtroom of the Tribal Courthouse). Two of these paintings are on permanent display at the El Paso International Airport – “In The Beginning” scene of the stagecoach, and “The Pioneer” two men on horses in foreground with plains and mountains in the background. The following is the poem [Houser Note: patronizing and derogatory] for the Ysleta Mission Painting: The Ysleta Mission. Throughout slow passing years your whitened walls -Have watched the growth of Souls. Your Vesper calls, -When first they smote upon the Indian’s ear -Aroused in him a dread: an unknown fear, - But Patience, and the loving toil of those - Bold Fathers through whose efforts your arose, - The untaught natives saw that glimmering spark - Which Faith awakes in every human soul. - Your funeral bells have marked with solemn toll - The passing of the Fathers, but their light, -Upon your ancient Altars, burning bright, - Now sends its rays far from your whitened walls, - And every evening, when your Vesper falls - Upon the convert’s ear, he blows his head -And breathes a blessing on your Saintly Dead. As represented in the mural paintings on the walls of banking room of the First National Bank, El Paso, Texas. Poems by Owen P. White. Paintings by Edward Holslag (images reproduced in this 24 page booklet). Foreword by John S. Raynolds (Note: page 12 is the image of “The Ysleta Mission”, now owned by the Ysleta de Sur Tribe and on display in the Tribal Courthouse).
Wilson, Hazel (See: El Paso Herald Post 1934; Price 1983:26)
Wright, Bill
1993 The Tiguas: Pueblo Indians of Texas, Text & Photography by Bill Wright, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas Western Press, El Paso, 1993,161 pages.
Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
n.d. The large oil painting of Ysleta Mission is displayed at the Tribal Courthouse (a color photograph of the same was included in the El Paso Mission by N.P. Houser that is on permanent exhibit at the El Paso International Airport).
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