Don Benito Juárez Research Bibliography

Presidente Don Benito Juárez at the Pass of the North©
Research Bibliography with Critical Notes

Compiled by Nicholas P. Houser, MPH, MA, Project Historian

XII Travelers Memorial of the Southwest

Revised, July 26, 2007

Note: The Don Benito Juárez statue pertains to Phase Two of the XII Travelers Memorial of the Southwest. Artistic and historical research are underway for the statue to honor Mexico's great president who resided temporarily in El Paso del Norte (1865-66) during the French Intervention. In 1888, the town honored their outstanding guest by re-naming the town - Ciudad Juárez. An informative bio-sketch of President Juárez by Joe Olvera is cited below in its entirety (El Paso Times, Feb. 4, 1990).

*Archival/Research files & notes
NPH (NP Houser research file)

*Ayuntamiento de El Paso de El Paso del Norte (See: Juárez Municipal Archives)

Blancké, Wendell W.
1971 Juárez of Mexico, Praeger Publishers, New York (152 pages) (Library Number F 1233 J932; also NPH Library).

Chávez, Armando B. Historia de la Ciudad Juárez, 1959 (Photocopy in NPH research file).

*Ciudad Juárez Municipal Archives (see: Juárez Municipal Archives, JMA)
Cd. Juárez – Centro Municipal de las Artes (Antique Presidential Minicipal), Los Museos y el Viajero del Tiempo (Museum in Cd. Juárez) “14 de agosto 1865: Llegó el Lic. Benito Juárez y que los franceses venían siguiéndolo. En ese momento estableció el Cuartel del Batallón de los Supremos Poderes” (from the museum brochure) (The Museum, Museo Historico de Cd. Juárez, in located in downtown Cd. Juárez, Avenida 16 de Septiembre y Avenida Juárez. Open Tues-Sun, 10am-6pm).

Duarte, F.M. Compendio Histórico del Origen y Fundación de Ciudad Juárez, Cd. Juárez, Chih, Méx., Dibujos (illustrations) de Rafael Angel Perea, published 1963 (winter) 54 pages (Copy of booklet in NPH file. Most of the booklet concerns Spanish period, but includes on page 47 information on the re-naming the city on Sept. 16, 1888, from El Paso del Norte to Cd. Juárez in honor of President Juárez: "El Congreso del Estado en sesión celebrada el 8 de mayo de 1888 acordó en honor al Sr. Lic. Don Benito Juárez, que como Presidente de la República radicó en Paso del Norte, dar a esta ciudad su nombre cuya ceremonia y declaración respectiva se llevó a cabo el 16 de septiembre de 1888").

El Paso County Deed Records:
Villa de La Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, Partido de Chamizal. Deed Book 23:43, El Paso Paso County, Filing date March 24, 1892 (Spanish deed, State of Chihuahua) (NPH research file - Chamizal).

El Paso Herald (Newspaper):

Anniversary of death of President Juárez. El Paso Herald, July 18, 1902, 1:4, 1/3 cols.

1903 Today is the anniversary of the birth of Juárez, El Paso Herald, March 21, 1903, l: 1, ½ col.

1904 “President Tried to Save Maximilian” (title). “Sent an emissary to Mexico to bring him out, but mission failed. Juárez got financial aid from U.S., while at El Paso. (NPH research note: The article describes the raising, at insistence of President Johnson, of over $100,000 by U.S. citizens, sent to Juárez to aid him and his poor soldiers), El Paso Herald, Feb. 13, 1904, Part II: 1:4-7.

Anniversary of death of Juárez. “32 years ago, the man who freed Mexico from her self-styled emperor passed away” (NPH research note: Juárez died in 1872). El Paso Herald, July 19, 1904, 8:4.

1905 Anniversary of death of Benito Juárez. El Paso Herald, July 18, 1905, 1:5.

Dr. Mariano Samaniego (obituary). Chihuahua Bear Funeral Expenses. State pays expenses in recognition of services of Dr. Samaniego to Chihuahua. He was known for his charity to the people. El Paso Herald, Oct. 5, 1905, 5: 4, 25 lines.

“Juárez Monument Fund is at High Total” (title). (NP Houser note: transcription of entire article) “$80,000 has been raised by popular subscription for this tribute to a national hero. Chihuahua, Mexico. The popular subscription to which all the Mexican people are subscribing is growing daily and will undoubtedly reach in a few months the desired amount $250,000 to build a suitable Memorial to the memory of the great Mexican statesman in C. Juárez.” El Paso Herald, Dec. 1 (?), 1905, 10:5, ¼ col *(NPH Research note: see this bibliography: Juárez Municipal Archives, regarding donation of funds for Monument to Benito Juárez, March 1897).

“Cd. Juárez – Monument to Juárez” (title). Celebrating the centenary of Benito Juárez … cost of a quarter of a million dollars in Mexican money…” El Paso Herald, Dec. (?), 1905, 10: 4: ¼. (NPH note: may be a repeat of the above-cited reference).

1906 “Delegation is to Select Site for Benito Juárez Monument in Ciudad Juárez” (title). Three Chihuahua citizens to determine location of Juárez Memorial Statue and Plaza. El Paso Herald, March 5, 1906, 4: 6, 1/3 col.

1908 “Monument to Benito Juárez in Ciudad Juárez to Cost $125,000” (title). “The Juárez monument committee appointed by the state of Chihuahua to arrange for the erection of a monument in the city of Juárez to the memory of the real statesman whose name the city bears, has decided to invite architects to submit designs for the work, and in order to obtain the best work possible, prizes will be offered for the three best designs received, the best to be awarded $5,000, the second best $3,000 and the third best $1,000.” “The cost of the monument will not e less than $125,000, as this sum is already available for the purpose, subscriptions having been made by several of the states of the republic. Designs must be in hands of the committee prior to September 1, and it is the intention of the state government to begin work as soon as the design is accepted.” El Paso Herald, Wednesday, April 29, 1908, page 1, cols. 5-6 (Photocopy in research file and also complete photocopy in NPH Newspaper Research File).

“Designs For the Juárez Monument” (title). Complete transcription of the article follows: “Committee Officially Calls for the Submission of Sketches” (Subtitle). “The patriotic committee having in charge the erection of the monument which is to be erected in Juárez to the memory of Benito Juárez, the savior of Mexico, has through Governor Creel, published a formal notice to architects and artists asking for plans and specifications for the structure. It is provided that the monument shall be located in Juárez Avenue, and the base shall be 100 meters, or 300 inches [note: check because this does not compute] in diameter. The lower part will bear mottoes and allegorical pictures expressive of the greatness of the country and the patriotism of the people, and the top of the shaft will support a statue of the great patriot in bronze.” “The plans to be submitted by the 15th of next September at 10 o’clock a.m., and it is expected that work on the monument will be commenced as soon as the plans are adopted as the contract can be awarded.” El Paso Herald, Wednesday, May 20, 1908, page 10, col. 5 (Photocopy in research file and also complete photocopy in NPH Research Newspaper File).

“Don’t Like The Monument Site” (title). “Juárez citizens Protest at Location Monument to Benito Juárez” (Subtitle). Proposed monument for Juárez Avenue. Local committee appointed to confer with Governor Creel and other members of the patriotic committee and request that the statue be erected at another location. “It is probable that the committee in charge of the erection of the monument will be asked to have it placed on the ground now occupied by Cow Boy Park at the turn of the street car track, east of the Custom house, where the car stops.” “An effort will also be made to have the work completed in time to lay the cornerstone September 16, which will be the centennial of the Independence of Mexico.” El Paso Herald, Friday, May 29, 1908, page 9, col. 1 (Photocopy in NPH research file and also complete photocopy in Research Newspaper File).

1909 El Paso Herald, June 5, 1909, Bartlett’s account of arrival of Benito Juárez at El Paso del Norte (NPH note: find & photocopy this source. (first name?) Bartlett was a Customs Officer in El Paso, Texas).

"No Site Yet For Monument" (title). "Matter is Left in the Hands of a Committee of Citizens" (Subtitle). "A statement made a few days ago that governor Enrique C. Creel had closed the trade for the tract of land near the river as a site for the Juárez Monument, disregarding the protest which had been made by a great many citizens of Juárez who wish to see the monument more centrally located, is denied by members of the committee appointed by the governor to recommend a site acceptable to the people of the city across the river. -- It is asserted that the committee has not yet made its report, and that, consequently, the governor can take no final action in the matter of purchasing a location. The following communication on the subject has been received by The Herald: -- Cd. Juárez, Chih., June 18, 1909. Editor of the Herald: Under the caption, 'Creel Buys Site for Juárez Monument Near Santa Fe Bridge' you publish that a deal for the purchase of land for the site of the proposed statue to Mexico's most illustrious statesman has been consummated. -- We can assure you in the most empathetic manner that such a statement as given your paper is untrue, for the good reason that a committee of citizens has been appointed by the state executive to study and report, after a thorough and conscientious visit to several of the sites considered most suitable for such a monument. This committee is now engaged in fulfilling its functions, having been selected from among the citizens who have the interest of the town at heart, and who thoroughly understand the moral responsibility entailed in placing a monument like the one to be erected in Juárez's honor, and for which the whole republic of Mexico has contributed, in a site worthy of the fame and deeds of the immortal reformer. Very truly yours, Pedro C. Montes, J.N. Medina, D. Rodarte, P.P. Prueda." El Paso Herald, June 21, 1909:8:6.

“Look Says He Sold The Monument Property” (title). “Reiterates Statement That Creel Has Bought Land near the River” (subtitle). (Research note: this article concerns controversy over the selection of the site for the monument). Governor Creel purchased property from George Look for the Juárez Monument site, near the Santa Fe Bridge, as originally stated in the Herald. Local resident near the site say they will benefit from the monument, “but the majority of the Juárez people believe that the monument is such a great poetic or historic affair that they are inclined to put every other reason behind it.” There is opposition to placing it at this location because it will interfere with railroad development. El Paso Herald, June 22, 1909:2:6.

“Monument Site Is Decided On” (title). “Will Be on Ochoa Property and Not Near Santa Fe Street Bridge” (subtitle). “The monument which is to be erected to the memory of Benito Juárez the illustrious statesman of Mexico, will be located on the plot of ground belonging to the estate of the late Ynocente Ochoa, and situated just east of the Girls’ school building, between the business part of Juárez and the Sierra Madre depot. – This information was received by wire last night by the mayor, Felix Barcenas, who is chairman of the committee appointed by governor Creel to select the site. The committee reported in favor of the location near the school, instead of that near the river, and governor Creel last night, telegraphed the committee that the report had been approved and that the monument would be located on the site designated. – Upon receipt of the decision of the governor, several citizens of Juárez who had taken an active part in protesting against the location, which had been planned for near the international boundary line, celebrated their victory in a very pleasant, though informal way. – The members of the committee which made the recommendation are: Felix Barcenas, Felipe Seijas, Romula Escobar, E. Provencio, J.N. Medina and A. Calderon.” El Paso Herald, July 1, 1909:3:4.

“To Build Juárez Monument Soon” (title). “Contract Will Be Let in a Short Time, Work to Conclude by Sept. 1” (subtitle). (Research note: transcript of entire article follows:) “It is expected that the contract for erection of the Juárez Monument will be let within a very short time, perhaps before the end of this week. Information receive in Juárez from governor Creel is to the effect that the patriotic committee is considering the bids which have been made and will make a report to the governor in a few days, after which the contract will be let. There will be three bids, and it is understood that the monument will cost somewhere between $120,000 and $150,000. It is said that the work on the construction of the monument will probably be commenced by September 1.” El Paso Herald, July 27, 1909:3:5.

“Mexico To Honor Benito Juarez: Their Liberation” (title). El Paso Herald-Post, Sept. 20, 1909, 4:4. Post Office was once headquarters of Benito Juarez. “In this structure, the shadow of Guadalupe Church, Benito Juarez, repulsed Maximilian.”

1912 Visit with Benito Juárez. California Column in 1862. El Paso Herald, Oct. 30, 1912, 11:2-3, 1 ½ col. (Photocopy in NPH Research File).

1923 Visit of Benito Juárez to El Paso del Norte. Recalled by the aged man who once owned El Paso Courthouse property. El Paso Herald, May 12, 1923 (Research note: make photocopy because failed to located in NPH Research Newspaper File).

“Scrapbook Stirs Memories of Dona Paca, Early Day Matriarch and Political Leader” (title). In 1861, Don Paca (Francisca Alacron) married William Conklin, Supt. of the stagecoach line that ran from San Antonio to California. He was shot to death by an unknown assailant. Benito Juarez came in the area in the 1860’s. She carried secret messages to him from the army officers at Fort Bliss. El Paso Herald, By Marshall Hail. Tues. Aug. 15, 1961, page 13.

El Paso Public Library (Reference)
*n.d. Benito Juárez reference: El Paso Public Library Card File # 671. Copy of letter from President Benito Juarez to Enrique C. Cuniffe. “Franklin de Texas” Dec. 8, 1866 [?] written in Chihuahua, Don Robert Mullin [?] (Source from NPH Yleader File).

El Paso Times (Newspaper):
1881“Honor to Juárez” (title). The monument to be erected in El Paso del Norte. Architect George E. King is putting up pedestal. El Paso Times, Aug. 31, 1881, 5:4, 1/3 col.

1905 Dr. Mariano Samaniego. (Obituary) Dr. Mariano Samaniego of Juárez died yesterday. He was a prominent citizen of Juárez and was the former governor of Chihuahua. El Paso Times, Oct. 4, 1905, 1: 6.

1909 “Ynocente Ochoa Dies in Juárez” (title). (Obituary) Ynocente Ochoa, 85 years old and pioneer of the Juárez Valley died in Juárez yesterday. El Paso Times, May 20, 1909, 3: 5, 50 lines (NPH research note: Ochoa, prominent citizen of El Paso del Norte, now Cd. Juárez. In 1909. See El Paso Herald July 1, 1909: the land for the Juárez monument was owned by Ochoa).

1927 “Perils of Frontier El Paso Tame Beside Auto Infested City of Today, Says Pioneer” (title). (NPH Research note: includes photo of Mrs. Mary Philips and Mrs. Juana Marques Dowell. (Research note: Photocopy in research file. This article concerns childhood and life of Mary Philips including the visit by President Benito Juárez. No reference to San José). El Paso Times, Sunday, August 7, 1927, page 13 (Research note: completed photocopy of this article in NP Houser research files – “Juárez Archives – Juárez, Benito”. “I was only 13 when the quadrille for the cabinet of Benito Juárez was held here. And that was an affair of bowing and elegance, which I remember as my father said I would.” (She described the dress and frontier conditions concerning this event and noted that ice for the ball had been transported overland from New Mexico and that the orchestras never ceased playing until dawn. “The son of Benito Juárez was ugly and it worried me that the son of a president did not look like the prince of a fairy book. But what did it matter, he was the son of a president?”

1987 Ramon Juan Samaniego Sr. (Obituary), 88 years old died yesterday. El Paso Times, March 3, 1987, B: 2-1 (NPH research note: a descendent of Dr. Samaniego).

1998 "Hidden History" (title), (Article with photos by Guadalupe Silva) (NPH research note: contains reference to visit to San José by President Benito Juárez; much of the information is from the brochure by Historiador Ignacio Esparza Marín; no mention that it was a Manso Indian pueblo. El Paso Times, Aug. 28, 1978, pages 1D-2D.

1990 “Benito Juárez became nation’s strongest leader” (title). El Paso Times, Sunday, Feb. 4, 1990, Page 4-G, Article by Joe Olvera. (Complete transcript follows:) Washington: - “When I first heard the words of Don Benito Juárez: “El respecto al derecho ajeno es la paz.” (Respect for others’s rights is peace). I knew I had found my own philosophy. The more I learned about the great man, the more convinced I was that he had been without peer – Mexico’s greatest president. [next paragraph] Imagine my great surprise when I chanced upon a statue of the great man in Washington, D.C. looking lost and forgotten, the 12-foot bronze figure stands on Virginia and New Hampshire, just a heartbeat away from the infamous historic Watergate Mall. [next paragraph] My first thought on seeing Juárez’s statue was that Nixon and his bungling burglars never stood a chance with Juárez standing guard, offering his protection to this city that does him honor yet ignores him. [next paragraph] Perhaps people just don’t realize who he is. Maybe they don’t realize the statue’s existence or significance, or how it came to be there. [next paragraph] In an exchange of courtesies between Mexico and the United States, Juárez wound up here, while the immortal Abraham Lincoln’s statue stands proudly in Mexico City and, more importantly in Ciudad Juarez. [next paragraph] The tribute to Juarez was a gift from the people of Mexico to the people of the United States. The statue, cast in Mexico City from its original, was dedicated and set up in 1969. [next paragraph] Benito Pablo Juárez was born in 1806 in Guelatao, Oaxaca. He was a pureblood Zapotec Indian. Born of proud parents who could neither read nor write. Juárez was to grow up experiencing the racism and discrimination aimed disproportionately at Indians. [next paragraph] His parents died when he was three. He then went to live with an uncle, and there worked as a shepherd until he was 12. But Juárez had more ambitious plans, and he knew exactly what he wanted to do with his life. He wanted to read and write and, thereby, help his poverty-stricken and abused people. [next paragraph] Through a series of events, including his becoming a lawyer at 41, then governor of Oaxaca, Juárez became minister of justice under Comonfort. As minister, he wrote a series of reforms that severely restricted the church’s power including the anti-Catholic Constitution of 1857. [next paragraph] With a provision in that constitution, Juárez assumed the presidency when Comonfort fled the country after a successful military coup. Strengthened by U.S. recognition of his presidency, Juárez passed laws that totally secularized and nationalized the church. [next paragraph] His next step almost proved his undoing. He declared a two-year moratorium on Mexico’s huge national debt, infuriating England, Spain and especially France. Only Napoleon Bonaparte III, however, sought to take advantage of this situation. [next paragraph] He declared Mexico a monarchy, sent troops to occupy the capital and established Austrian Archduke Maximilian and his wife, Princess Carlotta of Belgium, as the emperor and empress of Mexico. [next paragraph] Again, Juarez was forced to leave the capital. He established his headquarters in what was then El Paso del Norte on the Mexican side. He stubbornly maintained that Mexico was still a republic and he was its legitimate president. Maximilian was nothing more than a pretender to a non-existent throne. [next paragraph] The war continued, until Juarez’s ragtag army conquered Maximilian’s superior forces. Juarez was asked by the United States to spare Maximilian’s life, but he refused. He wanted to send a strong message to other would-be conquerors that Mexico was a democracy and no one would rule illegally, not even phony emperors. [next paragraph] Juarez was totally serious when he spoke those magic words: “El respecto al derecho ajeno es la paz.” Juárez returned to Mexico City where he was immediately elected president. He was re-elected again in 1870, despite strong and rebellious opposition from Porfirio Diaz, the would-be dictator. Juárez died in 1872 at age 66. [next paragraph] One final word: At the back of the base of Juárez’s statue is buried an urn of soil taken from his birthplace in Guelatao. A bit of Mexican soil in our nation’s capital. How fitting. Sin fin.” (Joe Olvera is an El Paso Times reporter on loan to USA Today).

2006 El Paso Times (Newspaper):
"Benito Juárez should be in Travelers Plan," by Joe Olvera, Guest Columnist, writer/journalist, El Paso, (re: favors artist’s concept for a Benito Juárez monument and proposes Chamizal Monument site: “Let’s remember that Don Benito Juárez – a poor Zapotec Indian – became the greatest president in Mexico’s history because he never lost his humanity. He never lost his love for humanity, for his fellow Mexicanos. He became a great friend to President Abraham Lincoln to help him get rid of Maximilian of France and Napoleon III’s efforts to establish a monarchy in Mexico”), El Paso Times, Sunday, Dec. 31, 2006, Opinion Page 9B.

De León, Francisco Díaz
1884 Biografía de D. Benito Juárez, Imprenta De Francisco Díaz De León (28 pages) (University of Arizona Library F 12233 J9548).

González, Lic. Manuel del Río (González)
1966 Juárez Su Vida y Su Obra, Gobierno Del Estado De Veracruz, Dirección General De Educación Popular, Jalapa, Ver., México (252 pages w/index) (Library number F 1233 J9473).

Haslip, Joanne
1971 The Crown of Mexico, Maximilian and His Empress Carlota, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, 581 pages (NPH Lib) (Research note: following page 244: page 6, unnumbered, of photos & images includes photo of Benito Juárez, which is credited – Radio Times picture Library).

Herrera Vargas
1980 Aqui Chihuahua, Nov. 1980 (El Paso Pub. Lib: F 1261 .H477 c.1).

Houser, John S.
1991 XII Traveler Press Release, May 25, 1991, “Benito Juárez Regresa at Paso del Norte (plans to include Benito Juárez in XII Travelers Memorial).

Houser, Nicholas P., Howard Campbell and John Peterson
1993 “Last of the Mansos” (title). by Nick Houser, Howard Campbell
Nova Magazine, UTEP, Summer 1993, pp. 16-18 (NPH research note: the article concerns the Manso barrio, La Colonia de San José, which is located in Cd. Juárez, where President Juárez entered El Paso del Norte).

Houser, Nicholas P.
*v.d. Benito Juárez, see XII Travelers File of XII Travelers Candidates, selected by the project sculptor in 1991 or earlier).

*v.d. NPH Photo Binder (see above: UTEP photo of offical (mistakenly believed to be Benito Juárez) and friends playing cards at El Paso del Norte, ca. 1865; and photo ca. 1910 of Dedication of Benito Juárez Monument, Cd. Juárez, Chih).

*v.d. NPH Research file (XII Travelers Benito Juárez File) – Benito Juárez Newspaper Notes: El Paso S.W. Room Card File (Note: transcribe information in this bibliography).

v.d. Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, print-out bibliography in file in XII Travelers File – Benito Juárez).

*v.d. NP Houser Research on Manso Indians, many references to San José in municipal and church records including irrigation requests, complaints/disputes, and census records, etc. (see photocopies and notes in research files) of San José, Chamizal and other Manso pueblos (For Chamizal see Padrón or census, Partido de los Alamos, del Centro, Chamizal, Barrial, de Charco, Calaveras, Guadalupe (cavalry at Guadalupe) Source: 123-175 folios. Nov. 1854. Source: Juárez Municipal Archives, UTEP, MF 513, JMA, Roll 38, Part II.

*n.d. Photography Descriptions – La Colonia de San José by N.P. Houser, contains Ynocente Ochoa references (See San José Research Binder and related research file).

*n.d. Obitary Research File (El Paso del Norte).

*n.d. NPH Research file - Ypeople (El Paso del Norte), names and titles of area leaders – tribal, civic, religious, etc.

*n.d. Oral Interviews, La Colonia de San José (1966-1971).

*Juárez Municipal Archives (Ayuntamiento de El Paso del Norte)
1854 Padrón (Census), Partido de las Almost, del Centro, Chamizal, Barrial, del Charco, Calavernos Guadalupe (Cavalry at Guadalupe). Nov. 1854 (NPH Research note: some of the communities were visited by President B. Juarez in 1864-65 but La Clonia de San José is apparently not identified). Source: MF 513, JMA, Roll 38, Part II, UTEP, Spec. Colls.

*1866 (0138-0154. Communications of the Ministry of Relations – index subjects include Fr. Borrajo, Indian concerns of El Paso, etc. Source: MF 513 JMA, Roll 43, Part II, Book 1, 1866 (UTEP Library).

*1897 Donation of Funds for Monument to Benito Juárez, March 1897. faja 0001-0011. Source: MF 513 JMA, Roll 18, Part 1, Year 1897, Book B, March 1897 from UTEP Library, Special Collections, Computer Records (microfilm located in basement). (NPH Research note: NP Houser research files – Juárez Archives – cites Juárez Monument, MF 513, Part II, page 70).

Keleher, W.A.
1929 “Law of The New Mexico Land Grant”, The New Mexico Historical Review, Reprinted from The New Mexico Historical Review (NPH Research note: page 350 – Juarez’s 1867 decree protected Indian lands).

Lister, Florence C. & Robert H.
1966 Chihuahua Storehouse of Storms, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1966, 360 pages.

Lone Star (Newspaper, El Paso):
1884 “Benito Juárez, son of the late president of Mexico accompanied by Monsient de Contoly the French Minister of Mexico passed through El Paso yesterday afternoon enroute to the City of Mexico. Mr. Juárez is Secretary of the Mexican Legation at Berlin and is on his way home for a visit.” The Lone Star, Aug. 30, 1884, page 3, col. 2, 12 lines (NPH note: It is a historic irony that the the son of President Juárez would accompany a French diplomat to Mexico City via Cd. Juárez, formerly El Paso del Norte,where the president had sought temporary exile only 19-years earlier).

Lowery, Susan V.
1989 "Of Benito Juárez: Revolutionary Par Excellence," by Susan V. Lowery, Twin Plan News, March 1989, pp. 19, 21, 68 (Research note: Juárez died on July 18, 1972, see page 68).

*Magoffin Collection. (2E460) 1852-1896 (original letters). Letter - Chihuahua Oct. 23, 1853. Mr. Magoffin. From Isaac Lightner to J.W. Magoffin. "Salt cannot be sold for more [?] 14 dollars at wholesale it retail at 1.50 alino [?] Single of 1. 16$ Zuloga train has come [?] from below for salt also on other train I have already advised you that the Custom House here was informed that you were crossing, salt over the river at night - I will only say to you that if you don't look out you will have it confiscated even at El Paso. (NPH note: this box - Magoffin Letters, Includes copy of Benito Juárez letter to J.W. Magoffin dated July 6, 1866. (NPH research also includes salt trade records).

Marín, Egnacio Esparza (Marín)
n.d. “Templo y Panteón,” (Re: La Colonia de San José) Fachada de la Capilla de San José, ff. dominicios de Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua. Francisco Márquez 2287 y Camino Viejo a San José (detráas del Soriano de López Mateos), a small, eight page fold-out brochure (received on location from local resident and guide Jesús Castillo Martinez, Por Historiador Ignacio Esparza Marín, (estimated date established 1785-1786) “San José, fue edificado, obedeciendo a una orden del Visitador General de Provincias, el Marqués José de Gálvez, quien habiéndole otorgado el nombramiento de Teniente Gobernador a don Antonio María de Dorca ….”. – “Por aquí hizo su entradas a nuestra ciudad el Lic. Don Benito Juárez y al llegar a este sitio, hay la version de que bajó de su calez, entró al templo e hizo sus oraciones para dar gracias a Dios por haber llegado con felicidad”. – “ Dese ese entonces, 1986-1866, hasta que fueron delineadas las calles, el recorrido hasta el centro de la ciudad se le llamó Camino Nacional.” (NP Houser research: San José as a Manso Indian pueblo and many Mansos are buried in the mostly unmarked graves). (panteón contains: many burials including: (1) Padre Ramón Ortíz, 85 years of age, March 12, 1896 and the monument or tomb base was from Mariano Samaniego and family; (2) Antonio Severo Borrajo who died on Dec. 22, 1896; (3) Mariano Bernal, Dec. 8, 1900; (4) Srita. Luisa Alvarez y Follete, April 11, 1900; (5) María de Jesús de Ochoa, Nov. 23, 1902; (6) Delfina Ochoa De’Guerre, hija de Inocente Ochoa, born at this location and died in November 1897 at the age of 14 years; (7) Francisca Ronquillo Ochoa, born in 1809 and died in 1901 at the age of 92 years; (8) Inocente Ochoa; (9) Doctor Mariano Samaniego Delgado, hijo de Florentino Samaniego y Josefa Delgado de Samaniego, nació en Bavispe Sonora, en 1831 y falleció en esta ciudad el 2 de Octube de 19905 a la edad de 74 años”; (10) Carmen Siquierios de Samaniego, descendiente de prominente familia de la capital de Chihuahua y quien fuera esposa del Doctor Mariano Samaniego, falleció a la edad de 73 años el día 13 de abril de 1913; (11) Inocente Ochoa, nació en Aldama, Chihuahua, el 27 de diciembere de 1832 y murió a los 77 años, el 19 de maho de 1909; (12) Ismael Ochoa, al igual su hermano, don Inocente, nació en Aldama Chihuahua, y falleció en esta ciudad el 12 de marzo de 1913, a la edad de 70 años; (13) Francisco José Samaniego, nació en Ciudad Juárez en Ciudad Juárez, el 16 de enero de 1898 y falleció a los 7 meses de haber nacido, el 27 de Julio de 1898; (14) María Nájera y Da’Guerre, nació el 10 de Julio de 1892 y falleció al año siguiente, el 8 de junio de 1893.

Mares, José Fuentes
1972 Juárez y La Intervención, 1972, Diciembre (second edition, originally published in 1872), Editorial Jus., S.A. México (NPH research note: photocopied for XII Travelers Benito Juárez File - pp: 5, 218-230, photo: 7-9 (El Palacio Nacional en Paso del Norte, Junto a “dentista” se ve la placa, 231-235) (Photocopied from El Paso Public Library in file: title page, cover page, page 5: words from the author, pages 218-230; page 231-235; plate #7 El Palacio Nacional de Monterrey; plate # 8 El Palacio Nacional en Chihuahua Ahora, sí de capa cáida, note: building in photo has title above entrance “Ecudela Juárez No. 140"; Plate #9 “El Palacio Nacional en Paso del Norte, Junto a ‘dentista” se ve la placa. En Juárez acabaron con la casa de Juárez;

Mesilla News (newspaper):
1874 “El Paso del Norte (title), The Mesilla News, Mesilla, New Mexico, No. 28, No. 1, April 18, 1871, page 2 (NPH research note: Article concerns the rising river that is cutting into the Chemizal [sic] area on the Mexican side. The river cutting is serious and Ysleta and Cinecu are in danger) (NPH research file – Chamizal).

1874 [Re: Chamizal area] The Mesilla News, May 30, 1874, page 2. col. 2 (NPH research file - Chamizal).

Metz, Leon
1999 El Paso Guided Through Time, Mangan Books, El Paso, Texas (page 137: “By 1865, the Rio Grande flowed roughly were Cleofas Calleros Street is today, which means the legitimate boundaries of El Paso del Norte extended at least to that point. Mexican President Benito Juárez once stood approximately where 1015 Santa Fe is now in Mexican territory, and refused to cross the river into El Paso” (page 138).

Miller, Robert Ryal
1973 Arms Across the Border: United States Aid to Juárez during the French Intervention in Mexico, Philadelphia, 1973 (NPH research note: source cited by Timmons 1999).

Mills, W.W.
1962 Forty Years at El Paso, 1858-1898 (ed. Rex W. Strickland), El Paso: Carl Hertzong, 1962 (Original copyright, 1901) (NPH research note: contains recollection of entry of Benito Juárez and his forces at Paso del Norte).

Muñoz, Daniel (Muñoz) y Perez
1972 Don Benito Juárez y Doña Margarita Maza, (Año De Juárez), Secretaria De Hacienda y Credtio Publico, México, D.F., (84 pages w/bibliographia) (University of Arizona Library F 1233 J9 M886) (NPH research note: see photo opposite page 6 best of Juárez, 1867, dated by his son).

Olvera, Joe (See: El Paso Times, Feb. 4, 1990; Dec. 31, 2006)

Pasquel, Leonardo
1973 Juárez En El Baluarte De La Reforma 1858-1860, Editorial Citlaltepetl, Méxicos, D.F. (168 pates w/index) (University of Arizona Library F 1233 J9417).

Ramos-Oliveira, Antonio
1972 La Formación De Juárez, El Paisaje y El Hombre en Oaxaca, CIA, General De Ediciones, S.A., México (302 pages w/appendix & index) (library F 1233 J946).

Roeder, Ralph
1947 Juárez and His México, A Biographical History, By Ralph Roeder, I. New York, The Viking Press, Vols. 1 & II, (380 pages & 763 pages) (University of Arizona F 1222 J949 v.1) (Research note Vol. II: see pages 600, 602, 603, 616, 634; photocopied in file: 602, 603, 616-617, 634-635. Note: Mr. Bartlett who accidentally witnessed Juárez’s arrival in El Paso del Norte and met him on the scene of his entrance into the town: “In El Paso his American friends had an opportunity to meet him; nothing prevented them from crossing the border, and one of them did. Mr. Bartlett combined the duties of a customs collector and a press correspondent on the other side of the river, and life being what is was then and there, he welcomed any diversion from the one and any copy for the other. --- So this was Juárez. Bartlett made the most of the opportunity ‘to study the Zapotec Indian’ whose celebrity had crossed the border long before he arrived in El Paso, and he observed him, as he said, ‘with the curious eyes of a young American who had personally known Lincoln, Grant, and other great heroes and statesmen of the American conflict,’ without being disappointed. Subsequently, he saw more of him, and the him, and ‘the longer and the more I studied him, the more was I impressed with the greatness and goodness of his charcter.’” Juárez politely had to decline the invitation to the ball at Ft. Bliss, but went as far the river’s bank but never left Mexico to show his loyalty to his country during French occupation, page 602-603. President Andrew Johnson’s support of Benito Juárez and the Mexican people see page 617).

Smart, Charles Allen
1963 Viva Juárez! J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, (444 pages w/notes & index) (Library F. 1233 J99535).

Sonnichsen, C.L.
1968 Pass of the North, Four Centuries on the Rio Grande, Texas Western Press, The University of Texas at El Paso, 1968 (Research note: p. 163: May of 1866 French brought Archduke Maximilian of Austria to Mexico to be Emperor of Mexico and President Benito Juárez became a fugitive in his own country. “He was in San Luis Potosí in 1864, in Chihuahua the same year, in Paso del Norte in 1865”. The state of Chihuahua was removed from the capital and it was liberal and loyal. “The first notice of the President’s impending arrival came on August 14, 1865, when two mounted men rode through the streets crying: ‘Juárez is coming! Juárez is coming! (Source cited: Bartlett, Personal Account of Benito Juárez, 1865-66, El Paso Herald, June 5, 1909. Re: Barlett, see: this bibliography, Roeder 1947). Henry Cuniffe, the United States consul in Paso del Norte, had advance notice of the visit, but the citizens of Paso del Norte were learning for the first time that the French were invading Chihuahua and the government was being moved again.” Governor Terrazas joined Juárez with his 300 men. “This force camped on high ground to the west of the town where their five pieces of artillery could command the Chihuahua road (page 164). (Source Cited: W.W. Mills, Forty years, 89-90). Page 164: Major S.R. Marston and I.S. Bartlett introduced to President Juárez by Don Juan Zubirán (collector of Mexican costumes and prominent citizen of Paso del Norte). His quote (see page 164-165) is most important because it describes Benito Juárez at the Pass of the North, dress, demeanor, voice and physical appearance. Bartlett kept a diary. On Nov. 14, the presidential party departed from Paso del Norte for Chihuahua, hearing that the French had withdrawn, but news came that this had not occurred. Zubirán held an elaborate ball on Oct. 31, 1865 in Paso del Norte (page 165). Juárez’s polite response to attend the ball at nearby Ft. Bliss: “I have resolved never to leave the soil of Mexico during its occupation by foreign invaders” (page 165). To honor Juárez and to avoid the dance on the U.S. side of the river, the ball took place in the fine home of Rafael Velarde in Paso del Norte on Nov. 10th. Don Benito remarked that the Americans “were very kind to me and to all who accompanied me” (page 165). Page 166: “Juárez accepted his American friends with great cordiality. W.W. Mills says he ‘visited the President very often.’ A photograph exists which shows Mills, Consul Henry J.Cuniffe, Juárez, and two other Americans playing cards, and when Mills set off for the East in 1866, the President entrusted him with letters to Doña Margarita, his wife, and the Mexican minister to the United States.” (Research note: this photo see: unnumbered plate, the 9th page of photos after page 266. Page 166: loss of his two sons and other personal sufferings. The French finally abandoned Chihuahua City in May of 1866, and on June 1 of that year, Juárez and his staff returned. Bartlett wrote in his diary on June 17th: “Juárez with all his forces, attaches and war material left El Paso today for the south. The whole population was stirred with excitement by the event and before the march began, gathered around the great chief to say farewell. While there was universal joy over the bright prospects of the republic, genuine affection of the people for Juárez gave to the leave taking a tinge of sorrow.” In 1880, Paso del Norte changed its name to Cd. Juárez in honor of President Benito Juárez who had been their honored guest. (Research note: Photograph of Ynocente Ochoa. “Merchant Prince of Paso del Norte” photo caption identifies owner of photo who is Maria Luisa Flores. This source on page 5, no page number for photographs were are included after page 226 in the Sonnichsen book, 1968). (Research note: Photographs of Dr. Mariano Samaniego, First Citizen of Paso del Norte, Maria Luisa Flores owns the photo and Carmen Siqueiros de Samaniego, wife of the doctor, property of Maria Luisa Flores. These photos in Sonnichsen book, 1968, following page 226 on the fith page of photographs).

Tamayo, Jorge L.
1957 Epistolario De Benito Juárez, Fondo De Cultura Económia, México (Selección, Prólogo y Notas De Jorge L. Tamayo, 1957 (954 pages w/index) (Library Number F 1233 J888 1972).

1964 Benito Juárez, Documents, Discursos y Correspondencia, (prologo, Adolfo Mateos, Presidente de La Republica), Jorge L. Tamayo (seleción y notas de), Secretaria Del Patrimonio Nacional, México (836 pages with indexes) (Library F 1233 J885 vol. 1).

Timmons, W.H.
1990 El Paso, A Borderlands History, Foreword by David J. Weber; Illustrations by José Cisneros, The University of Texas at El Paso. NPH research notes: concerning Benito Juárez at the Pass of the Norte, see page 153-155. In August 1865, Juárez and his forces arrived in Paso del Norte and remained there for almost a year; Page 154; cites Meyer and Sherman, The Course of Mexican History) Simeon Hart’s residence at the Molino was offered by General James Carleton for the Presidential headquarters of Benito Juárez (page 155). “Significantly, a reception in Juárez’s honor which was to be held at Fort Bliss was moved to El Paso del Norte. Other social affairs held on the American side were attended by his son and his cabinet, but not by Juárez, in accordance with his policy. [cited footnote #41: U.S. Government, David Diffenderffer to Seward, Washington, D.C., May 29, 1863, Dispatches from United States Consuls in Ciudad Juárez (Microfilm UTEP Library, M184R 1). Cuniffe to Seward, El Paso del Norte, 18 August 1865). Alfredo Escalante, 1865-1866, (Seminar Paper, UTEP, 1962); Juárez to Gen. James Carleton, 6 September 1865, ibid. It should be noted that the photography of Juárez and friends in Sonnichsen’s Pass of the North, and in Strickland’s Forty Years at El Paso by W.W. Mills, on page 198 is not Juárez, but rather is Don José María Uranga, Jefe Politico and Comandante del Cantón Bravos. See Armando B. Chávez, Historia de Ciudad Juárez, Chih., 162. (also cited footnote # 42: Juárez decree of 8 November 1865, Esalante, “Letters from Benito Juárez”, Cuniffe to Seward, El Paso del Norte, 31 March 1866, Dispatches from United States Consuls in Ciudad Juárez (microfilm, UTEP library, M184R 1), I.S. Bartlett, “President Juárez at Old El Paso,” Pan American Bulletin 41, no. 5, (November 1915): 646-58; Olga P. Wilson, “Benito Juárez in Old El Paso del Norte,” Seminar Paper, Sul Ross College, 1941).
See Chamizal pages 199, 201-202, 278-282. Chamizal dispute was never settled in 1911 when the US government examined the problem in an attempted arbitration but Mexico never received the land subject to this apparent settlement. In 1962, President Kennedy became aware of the complaint by Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos, and agreed to re-examine the matter. Page 279: "On 14 January the United States and Mexico formally exchanged ratifications on a new Chamizal Treaty. --- The Chamizal settlement accepted the principle involved in the 1911 award and divided the disputed territory, Mexico received 630 acres - 366 acres from the Chamizal and 264 from the United States territory east of Cordova Island." Note: Timmons sources cited (See: footnote 6, page 341): Liss, A Century of Disagreement. Gregory; "The Chamizal Settlement; "Mueller, Jerry E. Restless River, El Paso, 1975; Zorrilla, Historia de las relaciones entre México y los Estados Unidos, 2 chapter 14, and César Sepeúlveda, La frontera norte de México, México, 1976, chapter II. Page 282: “President Lyndon Johnson met López Mateos at Bowie High School on 24 September 1964 in a ceremony commemorating the settlement; in October 1967, Johnson and then new president of Mexico, Gustavo Díaz Ordas, met in Ciudad Juárez in a ceremony making the official transfer of the Chamizal to Mexico. Then on 13 December 1968 in a colorful ceremony, Presidents Johnson and Díaz Ordas, standing in the center of the new Bridge of the Americas, brought to an end a thorny problem that had been disturbing United States-Mexican relations for more than a century. Since that time both nations have built public parks and memorials on the lands each received in the settlement. The Chamizal National Memorial, administered by the National Park Service, had impressive grounds, a museum, and a theatre, were a variety of cultural activities is presented throughout the year. On the Mexican side are a spacious customshouse, large park, monument, waterfalls, landscaping, and miniature replicas of Indian pyramids.” Page 283-284: The Mexican government in 1961 launched the Programa Nacional Fronterizo (PRONAF) with large-scale commercial and cultural facilities. Page 284: “It resulted in an attractive and impressive new entrance to the city from El Paso, which in time included a statue of Abraham Lincoln…”

1999 James Wiley Magoffin, Don Santiago – El Paso Pioneer, by W.H. Timmons, Southwestern Studies No. 106, Texas Western Press, 1999, 130 pages (See: Benito Juárez, pp. 62, 64, 86).

Twelve Travelers (XII Travelers)
1991 Press Release (Spanish Language): Benito Juárez Regresa Al Paso Del Norte, (1/2 pages) Proposes President Benito Juarez for a statue in the XII Travelers grouping, May 25, 1991.

University of Texas of El Paso (UTEP)
1865 (?) (See: Timmons above) Photograph of Benito Juárez and friends playing cards in El Paso del Norte, ca. 1864-65 (See Timmons: this is not Juárez but José María Uranga); Sonnichsen photo caption: The President Relaxes: Benito Juárez (in the center) with W.W. Mills (on his right) and two American friends (NP Houser research note: must be the men on either side of Juárez), a Mexican man is seated on right side of photo on far left of the President. Penciled notes, probably made by Sonnichsen have the name “Evelyn Rosen” in a bracket, could that have been the owner of the book. Also in pencil is a question mark and year 1865. N.P. Houser believes that the two unidentified Americans may be George Buchanan and Henry Cuniffe. NP Houser has a digital disk of this image. The later is also supported by pencil note presumably made by Sonnichsen on lower left of the photo. ). From: Sonnichsen Papers (NPH Research: 6 tiff files, Jan 2003), University of Texas of El Paso (UTEP), Library, Special Collections

1910 Photograph of Benito Juárez Monument Dedication. From: the Aultman Collection, (El Paso del Norte/Cd. Juárez, Chih), Source of CD scan – UTEP Spec. Collections, Sonnichsen Collection, part of Salt War materials, (NPH research: 6 tiff files, Jan. 2003), The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Library, Special Collections.

Juárez Monument: See UTEP Sp Colls Microfilm cd MF513 Pt. 2, p. 70, Mun Archive 1890-1891 Constuctio of monument to B. Juarez.

Valdes, Alberto (Terrazas) Valdes
1963 Chihuahua En La Intervención Francesa; Impreso de los Talleres de Editorial ATISBOS, S.A., México, D.F. (NP Houser research note: In XII Travelers File Benito Juárez, photocopied in file: pp. 39-40, 75-82, 93-96; photo of General Don Luís Terrazas on page 96; this photo is the same man in the photo of Juárez playing cards with friends at El Paso del Norte which is in the UTEP Sonnichsen collection that is cited in this bibliography. Timmons remarked that the man believed to be Benito Juárez, was, instead the general. Sonnichsen did not recognize General Terrazas).

Vargas, Hererra
1880 Aquí Chihuahua, by Hererra Vargas, Nov. 1980 (Library Number F 1261 .H477) (Research note: see photo of page 26 – “Casa de Don Inocente Ochoa, 16th de Septiembre y Madero where Cine Victoria is located…here lived Benito Juárez during his stay in Paso del Norte in 1865 and 1866. This house (José Acosta Silva) still intact en Calles Internaciónal y Mejía de Cd. Juárez”).

Wilson, Olga Pool
1941 “Benito Juarez In Old Paso Del Norte, August 15, 1865 – June 17, 1866,” History 442, #120653, Sul Ross College, Alpine, Texas.76-pages (with bibliography) (Note: NPH Research File – white binder, complete copy).